Linear Stability Implications of Mean Flow Variations in Turbulent Jets Issuing from Serrated Nozzles

Nozzle serrations or chevrons are being deployed for reducing the noise from jet engines. The turbulent mean flow field of such jets takes on a serrated character, and the linear stability eigenspectrum for such serrated mean flows determines the evolution of the coherent wavepackets that are linked to the aft angle noise radiated. In particular, the lower the growth rate and phase speed of the instability, the lower is the expected noise radiation. Here we identify four parameters of the mean flow serrations – viz. number of lobes, their protrusion, their width relative of overall circumference, and the average thickness of the shear layer. These four parameters are systematically varied to synthesize a family of mean flow profiles. The corresponding stability analyses indicate the following trends. As expected from results for round jets, the average shear layer thickness has an inverse effect on both growth rate and phase speed. Deeper penetration and higher number of lobes reduce the growth rate of the relevant instability while mildly enhancing its phase speed. The relative width of the lobes do not appear to be a relevant parameter. These theoretical trends are supported by noise measurements in the parametric study on chevron nozzles performed at NASA

Effect of Heat Transfer on Oscillatory Flow of Blood through a Permeable Capillary

Of concern in the paper is a study on heat transfer in the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of blood through a porous segment of a capillary subject to the action of an external magnetic field. Nonlinear thermal radiation and velocity slip condition are taken into account. The time-dependent permeability and suction velocity are considered. The governing non-linear patial differential equations are transformed into a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved numerically using Crank-Nicolson scheme. The computational results are presented in graphical/tabular form and thereby some theoretical predictions are made with respect to the hemodynamical flow of blood in a hyperthermal state under the action of a magnetic field. Effects of different parameters are adequately discussed. The results clearly indicate that the flow is appreciably influenced by slip velocity and also by the value of the Grashof number. It is also observed that the thermal boundary layer thickness enhances with increase of thermal radiation

Recognition of Characters from Streaming Videos

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Managing a Fleet of Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMR) using Cloud Robotics Platform

In this paper, we provide details of implementing a system for managing a fleet of autonomous mobile robots (AMR) operating in a factory or a warehouse premise. While the robots are themselves autonomous in its motion and obstacle avoidance capability, the target destination for each robot is provided by a global planner. The global planner and the ground vehicles (robots) constitute a multi agent system (MAS) which communicate with each other over a wireless network. Three different approaches are explored for implementation. The first two approaches make use of the distributed computing based Networked Robotics architecture and communication framework of Robot Operating System (ROS) itself while the third approach uses Rapyuta Cloud Robotics framework for this implementation. The comparative performance of these approaches are analyzed through simulation as well as real world experiment with actual robots. These analyses provide an in-depth understanding of the inner working of the Cloud Robotics Platform in contrast to the usual ROS framework. The insight gained through this exercise will be valuable for students as well as practicing engineers interested in implementing similar systems else where. In the process, we also identify few critical limitations of the current Rapyuta platform and provide suggestions to overcome them.Comment: 14 pages, 15 figures, journal pape

Parabolized stability analysis of jets issuing from serrated nozzle

Parabolized stability analysis of jets issuing from serrated nozzl

Wavepacket models for supersonic jet noise

Gudmundsson and Colonius (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 689, 2011, pp. 97–128) have recently shown that the average evolution of low-frequency, low-azimuthal modal large-scale structures in the near field of subsonic jets are remarkably well predicted as linear instability waves of the turbulent mean flow using parabolized stability equations. In this work, we extend this modelling technique to an isothermal and a moderately heated Mach 1.5 jet for which the mean flow fields are obtained from a high-fidelity large-eddy simulation database. The latter affords a rigourous and extensive validation of the model, which had only been pursued earlier with more limited experimental data. A filter based on proper orthogonal decomposition is applied to the data to extract the most energetic coherent components. These components display a distinct wavepacket character, and agree fairly well with the parabolized stability equations model predictions in terms of near-field pressure and flow velocity. We next apply a Kirchhoff surface acoustic propagation technique to the near-field pressure model and obtain an encouraging match for far-field noise levels in the peak aft direction. The results suggest that linear wavepackets in the turbulence are responsible for the loudest portion of the supersonic jet acoustic field

Parabolized stability equation models in turbulent supersonic jets

The peak noise radiation in the aft direction of high-speed, turbulent jets has been linked to the dynamics of the large-scale structures. We use the parabolized stability equations (PSE) to model these structures as wavepackets associated with instability of the turbulent mean flow. Our past work has demonstrated the utility of these models for subsonic jets; in the present work we extend these methods to supersonic jets. A large eddy simulation database corresponding to an unheated, ideally-expanded Mach 1.5 jet with Reynolds number of 300,000 is employed to extract the necessary input for the PSE (the mean flow and initial conditions) and also to perform comparisons and validations of the computed wavepackets. By contrast with subsonic jets, when the jet exit velocity is supersonic with respect to the ambient speed of sound, linear stability theory predicts that multiple instability modes, related to resonance of pressure waves within the potential core, can be present in addition to the inflectional instability. The possible coexistence of different instability mechanisms, the determination of adequate inlet conditions, and their effect on the wavepackets computed are investigated here. We compare the wavepackets predicted by PSE with fluctuations extracted from the LES data. When performing comparisons, filtering techniques need to be employed in order to extract the coherent, low frequency structures associated with wavepackets. Largescale fluctuations educed using cross-correlation techniques, such as the proper orthogonal decomposition, are shown to compare reasonably well with the PSE wavepackets, but by contrast with subsonic jets, it appears that several POD modes are required to represent the PSE-predicted wavepacket

Inlet conditions for wave packet models in turbulent jets based on eigenmode decomposition of large eddy simulation data

This paper makes contributions towards reduced-order models of wave packets in supersonic, turbulent jets. Wave packets are large-scale turbulent structures that are correlated and advected over distances that are large compared to the integral scales of turbulence, i.e., many jet diameters at the lowest frequencies. They are thought to be responsible for the peak noise radiated at shallow angles to the jet axis. Linear wave packet models based on the Parabolized Stability Equations (PSE) have been shown in the past to be in excellent agreement with statistical structures educed from experimental pressure and velocity data in subsonic jets. Here, we extend these models to supersonic jets and validate them using a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) database for an isothermal and a moderately heated Mach 1.5 turbulent jets. For supersonic jets, inlet conditions for PSE models are ambiguous, as a parallel flow stability analysis shows several unstable modes at the inlet cross section. We develop a bi-orthogonal decomposition and project the LES data onto the relevant families of instability waves. These serve as inlet conditions, including the amplitude and shape functions, for PSE solutions which are then favorably compared to the near-field pressure fields educed from LES